Phần 4

I. Intellectual Property Protection

- the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) describes it. Intellectual property can be primarily categorized into copyright and industrial property. Copyright deals with the protection of literary or artistic creations. Industrial property deals with the inventions, trademarks, commercial names and the like.

II. The role of intellectual property law in e-commerce.

1.Safeguarding business interests of a company

essentially protecting the business interests of a company and its institutions, especially against unfair competition.

.2. Safeguarding essential components

Intellectual Property law in e-commerce also helps protect critical technical and digital components owned by a company. These could be networks, routers, designs, software and chips and so on. 

3. Protecting products and patent licenses

4. Safeguarding patent portfolios and trademarks

III. Importance of Intellectual Property in E-Commerce

- Intellectual property law protects against disclosure of trade secrets and, as a result, against unfair competition.

- Without intellectual property practices and laws, hard work is stolen and spread around the globe without paying the creator for their labor. Who, then, wants to create new works?

The two primary areas that you should be concerned about are:

1. Safeguarding your own intellectual property

2. Violating another company's intellectual property

- Any content you place on your website must something that:

*you own

*you have the express permission to use

*is in the public domain

*is covered under fair use.

IV. Eight elements protected under IPR in e-commerce

1. E-commerce systems, search engines and other essential internet tools are protected under patents and utility models.

2. Specific software, including the HTML code which is text-based, used by websites, is safeguarded under the Patent Law or the Copyrights Act, depending on the country's IPR laws.

3. The overall design used by an e-commerce website is also protected under Copyright Law.

4. All the content present on the website; be it the written material or videos, the photographs or graphics used, etc., are protected under the Copyright Law.

5. Under E-commerce in IPR, companies can protect their databases under copyright laws or specific database laws applicable in their country.

6. With regards to both, IPR in retail and e-commerce, companies can protect their brand names, product names, logos, domain names, and other similar distinguishing signs posted on their websites under the Trademark Law.

7. Companies are also permitted to protect their computer-generated displays, graphic signals, webpages, and graphical user interfaces under the Industrial Design Law applicable in their country. 

8. Websites typically have several hidden aspects such as confidential graphics, object and source codes, algorithms and programs, technical descriptions, logic and data flow charts, user manuals, data structures and their database contents which are protected under various Trade Secret Laws.